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Molar Solubility Formula for 1:1 Electrolytes:
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Molar solubility refers to the maximum amount of a substance that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature, expressed in moles per liter (mol/L). For 1:1 electrolytes, the molar solubility can be directly calculated from the solubility product constant (Ksp).
The calculator uses the molar solubility formula for 1:1 electrolytes:
Where:
Explanation: This formula applies specifically to 1:1 electrolytes where the dissolution reaction follows the pattern AB(s) ⇌ A⁺(aq) + B⁻(aq). The square root relationship arises from the equilibrium expression Ksp = [A⁺][B⁻] = S × S = S².
Details: Calculating molar solubility from Ksp is essential in chemistry for predicting precipitation, designing separation processes, understanding solubility behavior in various conditions, and applications in pharmaceutical and environmental sciences.
Tips: Enter the solubility product constant (Ksp) as a positive number. The calculator will compute the molar solubility in mol/L. Ensure the Ksp value is for a 1:1 electrolyte system.
Q1: What are 1:1 electrolytes?
A: 1:1 electrolytes are compounds that dissociate into one cation and one anion in solution, such as NaCl, AgCl, or CaSO₄.
Q2: Does this formula work for all electrolytes?
A: No, this specific formula (S = √Ksp) only applies to 1:1 electrolytes. Other stoichiometries require different formulas.
Q3: What units should I use for Ksp?
A: Ksp is unitless, but it represents the product of ion concentrations. Ensure your Ksp value matches the concentration units used in the calculation.
Q4: How does temperature affect solubility?
A: Temperature significantly affects both solubility and Ksp values. Ksp values are typically given at specific temperatures (usually 25°C).
Q5: What if my compound has a different stoichiometry?
A: For compounds with different stoichiometries (like 1:2 or 2:3), you'll need to use different formulas derived from their specific equilibrium expressions.