1. What is Bernoulli's Equation?

Bernoulli's equation describes the relationship between pressure, velocity, and elevation in a flowing fluid. It states that for an incompressible, inviscid fluid, the total mechanical energy along a streamline is constant.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses Bernoulli's equation:

Where:

• \( P \) — Pressure (Pa)
• \( \rho \) — Fluid density (kg/m³)
• \( g \) — Gravitational acceleration (9.81 m/s²)
• \( h \) — Height or elevation (m)
• \( v \) — Fluid velocity (m/s)

Explanation: The equation calculates total pressure as the sum of static pressure (ρgh) and dynamic pressure (½ρv²), representing the conservation of energy in fluid flow.

3. Importance of Pressure Calculation

Details: Accurate pressure calculation is crucial for designing piping systems, predicting flow behavior, ensuring system safety, and optimizing energy efficiency in fluid transport systems.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter fluid density in kg/m³, height in meters, and velocity in m/s. All values must be valid (density > 0, height and velocity ≥ 0).

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What are the assumptions of Bernoulli's equation?
A: The fluid must be incompressible, inviscid (no friction), and flow must be steady along a streamline.

Q2: What is typical water density?
A: Pure water at 4°C has density of 1000 kg/m³. Density varies with temperature and impurities.

Q3: When is Bernoulli's equation not applicable?
A: Not suitable for compressible fluids, viscous flows, turbulent conditions, or when energy losses are significant.

Q4: What are common pressure units?
A: Pascal (Pa) is SI unit. Other common units include bar, psi, atm, and mmHg for different applications.

Q5: How does pipe diameter affect pressure?
A: According to continuity equation, smaller diameter increases velocity, which affects dynamic pressure component in Bernoulli's equation.