1. What is the Water Flow Equation?

The water flow equation calculates the volumetric flow rate of fluid through an orifice or pipe based on pressure drop, cross-sectional area, and fluid properties. This fundamental equation is widely used in fluid mechanics and engineering applications.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the flow rate equation:

Where:

• \( Q \) — Volumetric flow rate (m³/s)
• \( C_d \) — Discharge coefficient (dimensionless)
• \( A \) — Cross-sectional area (m²)
• \( \Delta P \) — Pressure drop (Pa)
• \( \rho \) — Fluid density (kg/m³)

Explanation: The equation derives from Bernoulli's principle and conservation of energy, accounting for energy losses through the discharge coefficient.

3. Importance of Flow Rate Calculation

Details: Accurate flow rate calculation is essential for designing piping systems, sizing pumps, optimizing industrial processes, and ensuring proper fluid transport in various engineering applications.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter discharge coefficient (typically 0.6-0.9 for orifices), cross-sectional area in square meters, pressure drop in Pascals, and fluid density in kg/m³ (1000 for water). All values must be positive.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the discharge coefficient?
A: The discharge coefficient accounts for energy losses and flow contraction. It varies with geometry and Reynolds number, typically 0.6-0.99.

Q2: How do I convert psi to Pascals?
A: Multiply psi by 6894.76 to get Pascals (1 psi = 6894.76 Pa).

Q3: What are typical discharge coefficient values?
A: Sharp-edged orifice: ~0.61, Well-rounded nozzle: ~0.98, Venturi meter: 0.95-0.99.

Q4: When is this equation applicable?
A: For incompressible fluids, steady flow, and when friction losses in the approach section are negligible.

Q5: How does temperature affect the calculation?
A: Temperature affects fluid density and viscosity. Use appropriate density values for accurate results at different temperatures.