1. What is Millimolar?

Millimolar (mM) is a unit of concentration equal to one-thousandth of a molar (M). It represents the number of millimoles of solute per liter of solution, commonly used in chemistry and biochemistry for measuring dilute solutions.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the simple conversion formula:

Where:

• \( mM \) — Millimolar concentration
• \( M \) — Molar concentration
• \( 1000 \) — Conversion factor (milli = 10⁻³)

Explanation: This conversion is based on the metric system prefix "milli" which means one-thousandth (1/1000).

3. Importance of Concentration Conversion

Details: Accurate concentration conversion is essential in laboratory work, pharmaceutical preparations, chemical reactions, and biological assays where precise measurements are critical for experimental success and safety.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the molar concentration in the input field. The value must be non-negative. The calculator will automatically convert to millimolar concentration with four decimal places precision.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the difference between molar and millimolar?
A: Molar (M) represents moles per liter, while millimolar (mM) represents millimoles per liter. 1 M = 1000 mM.

Q2: When is millimolar concentration typically used?
A: Millimolar is commonly used for biological buffers, enzyme concentrations, drug solutions, and other applications where concentrations are relatively low.

Q3: Can I convert millimolar back to molar?
A: Yes, to convert millimolar to molar, divide by 1000: M = mM ÷ 1000.

Q4: What are typical millimolar ranges in biological systems?
A: Many biological molecules operate in the micromolar to millimolar range, with enzymes often having Km values in the millimolar range.

Q5: Is this conversion applicable to all types of solutions?
A: Yes, this conversion works for any aqueous solution regardless of the solute, as it's a straightforward unit conversion.